THE ORATOR

Orator is mean a speaker.Not everyone can be a good orator.Not everyone can speak in front public.Most of people will say no if they asked to give a speech in front the audience.Here some of tips about to be a good orator(speaker) that can use.

First,speak on the topic that you know well.Make sure you don't speak about the topic that you are not master about it.Do some research about the topic that you want to speak.Keep your speech simple and straight to the point.Don't use a difficult word or sentence.It will make the audience can't understand your speech.Make it clear and simple as you can because they won't be able to go back and reread a sentence if they're confused.

Find out who your listeners will be your audience,teenagers,adults or both?It can sometimes make a difference in how your speech goes across.This is a large group or small group?A small group will be more attentive and share their opinion more.

Preparation is a key to be a good orator.Have your speech well practiced.Here a method that you can used.Put your notes on a note- card as opposed to a paper.Do not write whole sentence on a note-card.Write down the point that you can talk about during your speech.

Everyone has 'speech fright'.While giving your speech,make sure you aren't frightened by what others may think.Do your best and imagine yourself as the greatest speaker alive.This will help to give you little self-confident.Make sure speak loudly and clearly and pronouns your word correctly.Practise your speech in front of someone that you trust.Lastly,from time to time asked a question to your audience.

INDIGENOUS PEOPLE- THE RUNGUS

The Rungus are an ethnic group of Borneo, residing primarily in northern Sabah in the area surrounding Kudat. A sub-group of the Kadazan-Dusun, they have a distinctive language, dress, architecture, customs, and oral literature.
As with most indigenous ethnic groups in Borneo, culture revolves around rice,coconut and banana groves that provide income to the Rungus. Women weave cloth on backstrap looms, and make containers from vine or beadwork. Many Rungus now work in town, and have live in a modern lifestyle instead of just traditionally live and communicates among the people in longhouse only. Traditionally animist, with female shamans, most Rungus are now Christian.
Considered one of the most traditional ethnic groups in Sabah, many Rungus live in longhouses, The Rungus longhouse is quite different from the Murut longhouse. The houses are not perched on high stilts, but are usually only three to five feet above ground. The roof is low, and the walls are outward sloped. In olden times, longhouses of over 75 doors are said to have been common. Now, they rarely exceed 10 doors. Usually single story, more modern two-story versions of the longhouse also exist. Single family houses are sometimes built near the longhouse and these take the same form, but are curiously short, looking like a slice from a cake.
The traditional Rungus dress is black, often with hundreds or even thousands of dollars worth of antique beads. Many of the beads used by the Rungus are plastic and glass imitations of older heirloom beads. They use plastic spoons, heating them over a flame and winding the hot plastic onto a metal rod to make yellow beads.Rungus women wore heavy brass coils around their arms, legs and necks accompanied by white and coral shell bracelets. Rings of brass may also be worn around the waist. This beadwork and its designs easily distinguish the Rungus from the other ethnic groups of Sabah.The beadwork often tells a story and this one in particular tells of a man going spear-hunting for a riverine creature. The pinakol consists of a pair of flat beaded bandoleer-type belts worn crossed over the chest and back. The sandang is a pair of long beaded strands, mostly with matching beads. These are worn crossed over the chest like the pinakol. The sulau is a flat beaded choker worn around the neck with two clamshell discs, one in front and one in back. Small bells are attached in the front. The tinggot is a short choker, either single beaded or with narrow beadwork wear by Rungus men and women.The togkul is a necklace some 26 inches (66 cm) long with beads similar to the sandang but smaller and worn around the neck. The sisingal is a narrow beaded band worn around the head. The rampai is made of cotton, flowers and beads worked into the hair. The orot that is made by the Rungus men, is the little brass rings and antique beads looped through thin strands of stripped bark (togung) becomes a wide and colorful hipband. Then a last string of beads (lobokon) is hung loosely from the coil.
The bobolizan originates with the Tuaran Lotud group of Sabah, but sometimes Rungus wear bobolizan to talk to spirits in the old language. Like the Kadazan-Dusun, Rungus people also celebrate Kaamatan This festival is usually celebrated on 31 May every year. Even though there is many similarities the way of celebration between this two race but there is also comparison.Rungus did not have its own ritual as in KadazanDusun.

MEDIA-INTERNET-the most popular media nowaday.

Nowadays,the most popular media that we use is Internet.The internet is more used all over the world.Internet is no longer just about e-mail and web sites.The net has become the critical medium,powering,growing list of revenue generating business activities from e-commerce and
e-supply chain management to online market places and callaboration.

For ten years ago,most of the world knew little or nothing about the internet.It was the private researches who used it to interact with colleagues in their respective disciplines.Today,mostly about 200 million users in over 200 countries and territories use the internet but Internet got a advantage and disadvantage that influence our life today.

Some of the benefit of the internet is in a wireless connectivity.Increasingly,web sufers are accessing the internet via wireless devices,be in Wi-Fi or Bluetooth,enable computers,cell phones,or phones or personals digital assistants.In the beginning,the Internet also was mostly helping different people to communicate each other.Web services on the other hand are useful in helping different applications to interact and communicate.

With Internet also we can get more information on the Internet.Nowaday, we can talk with friends on the Internet as on the telephone.We even can see their faces on the screen when we are talking with them by using some programs such as MSN Massengers. Internet also has taken the place of the fax and sometimes of the phone and letters.Electronic mail is much faster,it is instantaneous.Moreover,it enables companies to send much information to people who ask it because it does not cost anything.

Some disadvantage of Internet is it can makes people not to study on their own,all they need is to download free answers in terms of school assignments.Other than that is,virus treat.Virus is nothing but a program which disrupts the normal functioning of your computer system.
Computers attached to internet are more prone to virus attacks and they can end up into crashing your whole hard disk causing your considerable headaches.

So,as a conclusion Internet nowadays was the most popular media that we use in daily life althought got some disadvantages.However,it doesn't mean that we shouldn't use the Internet anymore.It's hard to imagine our life without the Internet.What we should do is just need to be more carefull every time when we use the Internet.

That's all....Thank you.....

CAIRO-"THE CITY of a THOUSAND MINARETS"

Cairo ( القاهرة‎ al-Qāhira) is the capital of Egypt situated in northern Egypt, known as Lower Egypt, 165 kilometers (100 mi) south of the Mediterranean Sea and 120 kilometers (75 mi) west of the Gulf of Suez and Suez Canal along the Nile River.As the largest city in the Arab World, Cairo was popularly known as "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its Islamic architecture unique, Cairo has long been a center of the region's political and cultural life. Even before Cairo was established in the 10th, the land composing the present-day city was the site of national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo is also associated with Ancient Egypt due to its proximity to the Great Sphinx and the pyramids in nearby Giza.

With a population of 6.8 million spread over 214 square kilometers, Cairo resides at the center of the largest metropolitan area in Africa and the eleventh-largest urban area in the world. Cairo, like many large cities in developing countries, suffers from high levels of pollution and traffic, but its metro that also ranks among the fifteen busiest in the world, with over 700 million passenger rides annually. Many international media, businesses, and organizations have regional headquarters in the city.

Transportation in Cairo comprises an extensive road network, rail system, subway system, and maritime services. Road transport is facilitated by personal vehicles, taxi cabs, privately-owned public buses, and microbuses. Cairo, specifically Ramses Square, is the center of almost the entire Egyptian transportation network called Ramses Street as the main arteries of Cairo. The subway system, officially called "Metro (مترو)", is a fast and efficient way of getting around Cairo. It can get very crowded during rush hour. Two train cars (the fourth and fifth ones) are reserved for women only. An extensive road network connects Cairo with other Egyptian cities and villages. There is a new Ring Road that surrounds the outskirts of the city, with exits that reach outer Cairo districts. There are flyovers, and bridges such as the Sixth of October bridge that, when it doesn't experience heavy traffic, allows fast from one side of the city to the other.

Cairo Tower is a free-standing concrete TV tower in Cairo. It stands in the Zamalek district on Gezira Island in the Nile River, in the city centre. At 187 meters, it is 43 meters higher than the Great Pyramid of Giza, which stands some 15 km to the southwest. Cairo has long been the hub of education and educational services not only for Egypt but also for the whole Arab world. Today, Cairo is the center for many government offices governing the Egyptian educational system, has the largest number of educational schools, and higher learning institutes among other cities and governorates of Egypt such as the Al-Azhar University.Inaugurated in May 2005, Al-Azhar Park is located adjacent to Cairo's Darb al-Ahmar district. The Park was created by the Historic Cities Support Programme (HCSP) of the Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC), an entity of the Aga Khan Development Network, and was a gift to Cairo from His Highness the Aga Khan. The Cairo International Stadium was built in 1960 and its multi-purpose sports complex that houses the main football stadium, an indoor stadium, several satellite fields that held several regional, continental and global games, including the African Games, U17 Football World Championship and was one of the stadiums scheduled that hosted the 2006 African Nations Cup.

However,as a rapidly expanding city, which has led to many environmental problem such as the air pollution, water pollution, sound pollution and air pollution.There is also more concern about environmental issues among Egyptians than before. There is now general awareness and some projects are laid down to help make the public aware of the importance of clean environment.

BATIK; TRADITIONAL ART vs MODERN ART

Batik is a type of a cloth that is originally came from Malay Archipelago since 15th century which traditionally uses a manual wax-resist dyeing technique.The ‘Batik’ word’s origin is either from the Javanese ‘amba’ (to write) and ‘titik’ (dot or paint) or constructed from a hypothetical Proto-Austronasian root ‘beCik’ means to tattoo from the use of a needle in the process.In 1880, the word ‘batik’ or ‘batek’ was first recorded in English as stated in Encyclopedia Britannica.
There are sources that claim that the early stage of Batik Malaysia started off with the use of wooden blocks (with motifs carved on it) which were then chopped several times to the cloth to form a pattern. This technique is also known as ‘batik chop’. In late 1920s, the Javanese batik makers introduced the use of wax and copper blocks on the East Coast. The production of hand drawn batik in Malaysia is relatively new. Known as ‘batik tulis’, the commercial production started in the 1960s. This is a free hand method of drawing just like drawing on a white sheet of paper, only difference is, this is on a cloth.
During the ancient time, batik was used for certain purposes.As an example, the Javanese Batik from Yogyakarta and Surakata was related to the religion.The indigo,dark,brown and white colours indicates the ‘Trinity of Gods of Brahma,Vishnu and Siva’.Instead of that,the certain patterns of Batik can be only worn by certain people to indicate their status in ancient sociallity.Consequently, during the Malay-Javanese ceremonial determined the royal status of a person by the cloth that the person wearing.
Over the years, this craft has developed its own particular aesthetic and design, peculiar to Malaysia. The motifs drawn include the Islamic values whereby motifs of animals are strictly prohibited. These are still very much practiced in the East Coasts states of Terengganu and Kelantan where batik is still very prominent. Nowadays, some artists from Kuala Lumpur adapt a more open minded concept with butterfly motifs, which in a way has now been like a symbol to Batik Malaysia. Today, it is common to see Batik fashion shows where models walk on the stage with Batik in modern dresses to promote this traditional art for young generations.This ancient outfit was then given a new life to preserve the culture as it was comercially promoted to the region of world.
Apart of that, Batik acts as a formal outfit for politician to wear in certain formal functions such as in ‘Cuti-cuti Malaysia’ promotion or for diplomatic visit in other country.Moreover, the Malaysia Airline System (MAS)’s air-stewardesses also compulsary to wear ‘Kebaya-Batik’ while working.
The uses of Batik now had also developed to shirts, bed-sheets, table clothes, sandals, scarf, handkerchief ,purse and many more.These are modern-handmade Batik are often purchase by tourists as souvenirs for the sweet memorable moments during their vacation here.
As a conclusion,Batik must be preserve one of the most Malaysia’s traditionally custom of culture.Although Batik uses now was originally develop to the modern and contemporary uses,the young generations should take a wise step to make sure that Batik will longer be exist.